Interaction of clay minerals with microorganisms: a review of experimental data

E. B. Naimark¹, V. A. Erouschev-Shack², N. P. Chizhikova³, E. I. Kompantseva⁴

¹ Paleontological Institute, RAS,
117647 Moscow, ul. Profsouysnaya, 123
e-mail: naimark@paleo.ru.
²Geological Institute, RAS,
119017 Moscow, Pyzhevskiy per., 7

³Dokuchaev's Soil Institute, RAS,
119017 Moscow, Pyzhevskiy per., 7/21
⁴ Institute of Microbiology, RAS,
117312 Moscow, ul. 60-letiya Octyabrya, 7/2

A review of publications containing results of experiments on the interaction of microorganisms with clay minerals is presented. Bacteria are shown to be involved in all processes related to the transformation of clay minerals: formation of clays from metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, formation of clays from solutions, reversible transitions of different types of clay minerals, and consolidation of clay minerals into sedimentary rocks. Integration of these results allows to conclude that bacteria reproduced all possible abiotic reactions associated with the clay minerals, these reactions proceed much faster with the bacteria being involved. Thus, bacteria act as living catalysts in the geochemical cycle of clay minerals. The ecological role of bacteria can be considered as a repetition of a chemical process of the abiotic world, but with the use of organic catalytic innovation.