Genetic diversity and subdivision parameters of Colias crocea Fourc. and C. erate Esp. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Crimea according to allozyme and RAPD-PCR analyses
V.I. Vernadskiy Taurian National University, Simferopol 95007,
Ukraine
e-mail: avi@tnu.crimea.ua
Some parameters of genetic diversity and subdivision were tested in syntopic Crimean populations of two species of the sulfur butterflies, Colias croceaFourc. and C. erate Esp. by allozyme and RAPD-PCR analyses. Genetic diversity in each of the species compared appeared to be approximately equal: the portion of polimorphic loci P95(99) is 67% for C. crocea and is 61% for C. erate. Paratypic forms of both species do not differ from nominative ones by parameters of genetic diversity. The mean expected heterozygosities (H' ) in the C. crocea, C. erate and their paratypic forms by the RAPD-PCD data are 24.3 ± 4.4%, 21.7 ± 4.2%, 20.4 ± 4.1%, respectively. The observed heterozygosities by the allozyme data in other samples are considerably less than theoretically expected ones (H0 = 15.6 + 3.3%, He = 50.5 + 4.5% for С crocea; H0 = 17.95 + 6.15%, He = 50.8 ± ± 8% for С erate, and H0 = 24.2 + 7.5%, He = 50.9 + 8.7% for paratypic forms, respectively). The mean observed heterozygosity in the paratypic forms of C. erate (f. androconiata, f. chrysodona, f. edusoides) is almost two times higher than that of the f. chlorodona and f. eratoides. Paratypic forms of both species differ from nominative ones (particularly from that of C. crocea) by the level of intrapopulation inbreeding and by the degree of gene flow (F = 0.691 for C. crocea, 0.646 for C. erate, and 0.524 for paratypic forms). One can suppose a significant gene exchange among adjacent populations of С crocea and С erate (Wright's FST= 0.155 for 6 allozyme and 18 RAPE) loci, Nm = 1.363). Nei's similarity coefficients (S) varies from 0.7554 among nominative C. crocea and C. erate (DN = 0.28) to 0.8092 among С crocea and paratypic forms (DN = 0.21) and to 0.8936 among C. erate and paratypic forms of both species (DN =0.11). Paratypic forms with rounded valve margin preliminarily identified as С crocea revealed a considerable degree of similarity to the paratypic forms of С erate with angled valve margin (S = = 0.9047, DN = 0.10). C. crocea and C. erate differ from each other alternatively at the NdH (NADH+-dehydrogenase) locus, though for the homozygous NdH genotypes, its correlation with the wing colour traits (r = +0.495, sr = 0.164, t = = 3.01, p > 0.99) appeared to by higher than its correlation with the male genitals trait (r = +0.377, sr = 0.175, t = 2.15, p>>0.95).
