Space invariants in biological structures
aGeological Institute of FRC KSC RAS,
Fersman str., 14, Apatity, 184209 Russia
bSaint Petersburg Mining University,
21st Line, 2, Saint Petersburg, 199106 Russia
*e-mail: woyt@geoksc.apatity.ru
The paper demonstrates that there are invariants in many biological polygonal and polyhedral structures ranging from micrometer (brochosomes, radiolarians, pollen) to centimeter (fungi-fullerens) which are conditioned not even by the influence of physical environment but by the geometry of Euclidean space. Apparently, they can be considered as the points of convergence of the principles of nomogenesis and adaptive ontogenesis of biological individuals. The former are the Euler and Eberhardt theorems. Adaptive signs in each case should be sought in deviations from spatial invariants. The authors summarize the biological structures previously dealt with, draw attention to a number of new ones and give an interpretation of the found patterns in the light of general biological problems.
